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Bahia
Bahia (local pronunciation: (:baˈi.ɐ))〔The standard Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation, according to the variety spoken in Rio de Janeiro, is (:bɐˈiˑ.jɐ). In European Portuguese the pronunciation is (:bɐˈi.ɐ). The h is not pronounced, its purpose in Portuguese orthography is to indicate that the stress is on the ''i'' (otherwise, it would be the semivowel , as the English letter y when representing a consonant, and the stress should be in the ''ba'').〕 is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the eastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size. Bahia's capital is the city of Salvador, located at the junction of the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of All Saints, officially first seen by European sailors in 1501. The name "bahia" is an archaic spelling of the Portuguese word ''baía'', meaning "bay".
== Geography ==
The state's geographical regions comprise the Atlantic Forest; the ''Recôncavo'' region radiating from the Bay (the largest in Brazil), the site of sugar and tobacco cultivation; and the ''Planalto'', which includes the fabled sertão region of Bahia's far interior. Bahia is bordered, in counterclockwise fashion, by Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Piauí to the north, Goiás and Tocantins to the west, and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to the south. The State of Bahia is crossed from north to south by a mountain chain which is marked, in the map, as Chapada Diamantina. This same chain receives other names, like Serra do Espinhaço, in Minas Gerais, and Borborema, in Pernambuco and Paraíba.
In some parts, the chain has the shape of "Chapadões", plateaus with abrupt edges, the most visited of such chapadões are in the National Park of Chapada Diamantina, in the middle of the State. The chain divides Bahia in two clearly distinct geographical zones. To the east, where once existed the exuberant Atlantic Forest, the soil is fertile and, despite high temperatures, rainy seasons are regular. The predominant vegetation in the west is "cerrado". These tough conditions caused the interior to be much less developed than the coast. The state is also crossed by the river São Francisco, the most important of Brazilian northeast. São Francisco River is a permanent river, which continuously supplies water to this arid region when many other smaller rivers dry out. The São Francisco starts in Minas Gerais and goes on until the Atlantic, making borders between Bahia and Alagoas. There are short stretches of the river which are navigable, but mainly for cargoes. The large blue spot at the north is a huge dam built to hold water for the hydroelectric plant of Itaparica.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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